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Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin
Murrough McDermod O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin and 6th Baron Inchiquin (1614–1674), was known as ''Murchadh na dTóiteán'' ("of the conflagrations" i.e.: extensive burnings) – of Irish who would not convert to Anglicanism and their land, crops, livestock, and dwellings.〔Lee, Sidney (1903), ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (Index and Epitome ), (p. 961 ) (also main entry xli 320)〕〔David Plant, website (Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, 1614–74 ) the British Civil Wars and Commonwealth〕
O'Brien studied war in the Spanish service and fought against the confederate Catholics on the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641. He was made governor of Munster in 1642 and had some small success, but was hampered by lack of funds. Sidney Lee states that he outwitted the Irish leader, Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry, with threats and promises. O'Brien persuaded
Muskerry to delay attacking the garrisons at Cappoquin and Lismore until a truce was brokered by a representative of King Charles I, after which O'Brien forces dispersed. O'Brien visited Charles I at Oxford in 1644. He was forced to submit to parliament in 1644, as the parliamentarians being masters of the sea, were therefore the only people who could help the Munster Protestants. He was made President of Munster, supplies having been brought to him by Philip Sidney (later 3rd Earl of Leicester) in 1647. O'Brien gradually became master of the south of Ireland, and declared for Charles I in 1648, fortified the southern ports against parliament and signed a truce with the confederate Catholics. He was joined by James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, with whom he got possession of Drogheda and Dundalk. O'Brien lost influence in Munster, which revolted after Cromwell's landing, 1649, but made a stand at Kilmallock in 1649. He retired to the west of the Shannon and then left Ireland for France in 1650, where he became one of the royal council and in 1654 was created Earl of Inchiquin. He served under the French in Catalonia in 1654, and was engaged in the Sexby Plot in 1656 and in the same year became a Roman Catholic. He was taken prisoner by the Algerines in 1660, but ransomed the same year and became high steward of Queen Henrietta Maria's household. He lived quietly in Ireland after 1663.〔
==Early life==
Inchiquin was the eldest son of Dermod O'Brien, 5th Baron of Inchiquin, by Ellen, eldest daughter of Sir Edmond FitzJohn FitzGerald of Cloyne and Ballymaloe House and Honora Fitzmaurice, second daughter of James of Desmond. His grandfather and namesake was killed in July 1597 at the passage of the Erne, fighting for Queen Elizabeth I. It appears from an inquisition taken after the death of his father that Inchiquin was born in September 1614. His wardship was given to Patrick FitzMaurice, and the custody of his property to Sir William St. Leger, lord president of Munster, whose daughter he married. He had a special livery of his lands in 1636, and afterwards went to study war in the Spanish service in Italy. He returned in 1639, and prudently yielded to Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford's high-handed scheme for the colonisation of Clare. In a letter to Wentworth, Charles I took notice of this, and directed that he should not "in course of plantation have the fourth part of his lands in that county taken from him as from the other the natives there.〔Bagwell p. 320. Cites: Lodge)〕 On 2 April 1640 he was made vice-president of Munster, and sat as a peer in the Irish Parliament which Strafford held that year.〔Bagwell p. 320〕
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